QUB-Halland
QUB-Halland Six samples of oak in the QUB collection, collected in two castles in eastern Scotland, Stirling and Midhope Castle, indicates a timber trade from, most likely, Halland during the 16'th century. Halland is now a Swedish province (the coastal area south of Gothenburg) but was in the 16'th century still a part of Denmark, although Denmark and Sweden was united in the Kalmar Union until 1523.
Midhope Castle
The QUB material contains two samples from Midhope Castle in Scotland, QUB:Q3262 (AD 1505) and QUB:Q3263 (AD 1505), which correlates very well towards HallandQ and some other master-chronologies for Western Sweden. In a book from 1995 Baillie discuss the Midhope samples, and claims them being probably from the southern coast of the Baltic sea.[1] This suggestion mainly shows the deficit of adequate masters for Sweden and Denmark available for the QUB staff.[2] A very much better provenance is also implied by Crone & Fawcett 1998, in an article about the Stirling Castle.[3] See table below.
Stirling Castle — the Great Hall
.
The Stirling samples in the QUB-collection, are described and discussed in an article by Crone & Fawcett 1998.[3] The samples in QUB[4] is only 7 out of totally 32 samples referred to in the article. The samples available through QUB are all the samples from the "Great Hall". In the article Roman numbers are used instead of Arabic used in QUB. All except GH16 are dated:
- QUB:GH5 AD 1517
- QUB:GH6 AD 1539
- QUB:GH7 AD 1571
- QUB:GH13 AD 1559
- QUB:GH16
- QUB:GH17 AD 1569
- QUB:GH19 AD 1560
There is an interesting table with ttest-values (Baillie/Pilcher normalization) towards a number of Scandinavian/Baltic references for a mean of the 6 dated samples as well as for a mean of the two Midhope Castle-samples included in the article. Several of the most relevant chronologies referred to, are available also to us, but three of them are not (Scania/Blekinge, N.Jutland and Zeeland).
One problem, according to the article, seems to be the decision to include also QUB:GH7 and QUB:GH17 in the mean. Those samples correlates very well towards each other, but not good at all towards the other four. They may possibly originate from an other area, so as long as we do not know the reasons for the low correlations, it is better to keep them in a separate group. GH-A therefore consists of QUB:GH5, QUB:GH6, QUB:GH13, QUB:GH19 and GH-B QUB:GH7 and QUB:GH17.
The disadvantage of using ttest-values to demonstrate similarity between two series or chronologies is the dependence of the length of overlap between the compared curves. In the table below therefore corr-values (B/P) are given (t-values in brackets). Correlation values in italic are calculated from the ttest-values and length of overlap given in the article.[5]
| GreatHall | GreatHall-A | GreatHall-B | Midhope | Chronology name in Crone & Fawcett (1998) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great Hall | = | (=) | (=) | 0.58 (7.8) | |
| Great Hall-A | (=) | = | 0.45 (5.5) | 0.59 (8.1) | |
| Great Hall-B | (=) | 0.45 (5.5) | = | 0.21 (1.7) | |
| Midhope | 0.58 (7.8) | 0.59 (8.1) | 0.21 (1.7) | = | |
| SNorwQ | 0.30 (4.3) | 0.33 (4.6) | 0.08 (0.9) | 0.36 (5.1) | |
| BrVQ2 | 0.50 (7.9) | 0.49 (7.5) | 0.37 (4.4) | 0.45 (6.4) | |
| BrVQ4 | 0.58 (9.7) | 0.59 (9.7) | 0.37 (4.6) | 0.51 (9.1) | W. Gotland AD. 1125-1720 (confusing name!) |
| HallandQ | 0.62 (10.8) | 0.63 (10.7) | 0.38 (4.7) | 0.61 (11.9) | |
| Zealand (Denmark) | 0.58 (9.85) | - | - | 0.48 (8.35) | Sealand AD 1316-1538 |
| Scania/Blekinge | 0.44 (6.72) | - | - | 0.33 (5.43) | Scania/Blekinge AD 1274-1974 |
| N Jutland | 0.39 (5.79) | - | - | 0.20 (3.08) | N. Jutland 1287-1818 |
| WestDK | 0.34 (4.9) | 0.30 (4.1) | 0.34 (4.2) | 0.16 (2.5) | Jutland 109 BC-AD 1986 |
| OlandQUSP | 0.10 (1.1) | 0.09 (1.0) | 0.12 (1.4) | 0.09 (0.8) | |
| Pola006 | 0.21 (2.9) | 0.18 (2.5) | 0.20 (2.3) | 0.29 (4.7) | Gdansk-Pomerania 996-1985 |
The conclusion must be that at least "Stirling:Great Hall-A" and "Midhope" originate from Halland. As Great Hall-B has the best correlation values towards "Great Hall-A" (0.45) and "HallandQ" (0.38), it may probably be from the same area, rather than from elsewhere. But we can not be sure of that yet.
GH16
The last sample from Stirling Castle, Great Hall, QUB:GH16, has a possible match towards SNorwQ at 1588.
Member offset to ref---------------------
Off Over *P2Yrs------ BaPi------- BesIE
Years set lap CorrC TTest CorrC TTest CorrC
all... 1809 -420 112 0,39 4,5 0,34 3,8 0,36
SNorwQ 674 -418 112 0,45 5,3 0,45 5,3 0,44
OlandQUSP 577 -416 112 0,28 3,1 0,29 3,1 0,23
WestDk 1787 -398 112 0,27 3,0 0,22 2,3 0,16
HallandQ 913 -262 112 0,21 2,3 0,19 2,1 0,19
BrVQ4 596 -132 112 0,15 1,6 0,11 1,1 0,15
POLA006 990 -397 112 0,14 1,5 0,06 0,6 0,11
SNorwQ, OlandQUSP, WestDk, HallandQ, POLA006
The table above shows the correlations etc. for most relevant, available reference-chronologies towards GH16 if dated to 1588. If GH16 is tested towards each sample in the SNorwQ-collection with overlap of at least 50 years, the result is:
Cybis CDendro, Algorithm: Proportion of last two years growth (2,0,T
Correlations between available references in SNorwQ.rwl and
GH16 dated to 1588 with corr >= 0,08 (all) and with overlap >= 50
Results sorted according to decreasing correlation coefficient values.
T- Over
Corr Test lap
all... 0,48 5,67 112 based on 23 members
N0780049 0,49 5,82 112 1333-1637 A8705 Røstad stabbur stabbe 04
N0890019 0,47 4,43 73 1515-1599 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 1 (Block 21-104 missed ring at abot 20) Comment: Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. 1.andreaskors i. øverste fag, fra nord. Ene leddet.
N0890069 0,45 5,17 108 1423-1584 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 6 Comment: Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. Remmen.
N0780029 0,40 4,38 100 1488-1655 A8705 Røstad stabbur stabbe 02, 5804N0741E
N0890079 0,40 3,60 69 1519-1620 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 7 [=3] Comment: Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. Andreaskors nr. 1 i øverste fag, fra nord. Andre leddet.
02290029 0,39 3,76 81 1507-1710 A8623 Leirviga/Korsvikfjorden Kristiansand brugsbåd 1001-0030x9
N0830029 0,38 3,96 93 1416-1569 A8738 Gysland gamle stuga 2
N1090029 0,34 3,15 79 1372-1555 A8840 Konstali stabbur, Norge - Measured from low rec curve
N0830019 0,34 3,74 112 1448-1621 A8738 Gysland gamle stuga 1
N0890059 0,33 2,79 66 1491-1557 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 5 rad b+c (Truncated in both ends) Com:Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. Stolpe nr. 2 fra nord-østre hjørne.
N1090059 0,31 3,01 87 1402-1563 A8840 Konstali stabbur, Norge - Measured from low rec curve
N1040019 0,30 3,15 102 1486-1642 A8834 Bakke kirke; pr. 1
N0271t03 0,30 2,18 50 1538-1696 A7061 Bjorvatn. [The number is from the the retrieved curve but is missing in the 'Katalog'-section. Maybe confused with N0271t02?]
N0850029 0,29 3,14 112 1458-1606 A8740 Bjerland stabbur 2
N0270019 0,28 3,04 108 1480-1663 A7061 Bjorvatn D5551
N0271029 0,27 2,74 95 1493-1716 A7061 Bjorvatn B2 tverrbjelke
N1090019 0,25 2,25 79 1380-1555 A8840 Konstali stabbur, Norge - Measured from low rec curve
N0890049 0,24 2,19 81 1507-1622 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 4. Comment: Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. 3. andreaskors fra nord; øverste fag.
2290019. 0,20 1,90 85 1503-1623 A8623 Leirviga/Korsvikfjorden Kristiansand brugsbåd 1001-0030x9
N1090069 0,20 2,06 108 1408-1584 A8840 Konstali stabbur, Norge - Measured from low rec curve
N0890029 0,17 1,22 54 1534-1626 A7285 Søgne gamle kirke 2. Comment: Bindingsverk i skipets østvegg. 2. andreaskors fra nord, øverste fag.
N1090039 0,08 0,74 87 1386-1563 A8840 Konstali stabbur, Norge - Measured from low rec curve
N0830059 0,08 0,81 106 1482-1661 A8738 Gysland gamle stuga 5
Notes
- ↑ Baillie M.G.L. (1995) A Slice Through Time (London: Batsford), p. 132
- ↑ 1995, but not when the samples were collected 1978(?), the very relevant chronologies for Western Sweden by Alf Bråthen: BrVQ2 and BrVQ4 was published and available for anyone.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Crone, B A & Fawcett, R, 1998, Dendrochronology, documents and the timber trade; new evidence for the building history of Stirling Castle, Scotland., Med Archaeol 42, pp. 68-87.
- ↑ The measurements seems to be provided by AOC Archaeology Group in Edinburgh, i.e not by QUB itself.
- ↑ The disadvantage with corr-values are instead that they are not "linear". 0.71 is for instance twice as good as 0.50.
See also
- Wikipedia (English) article about Midhope Castle
- Wikipedia (English) article about Stirling Castle
Data
QUB 1 QUB-samples from Halland in Scotland QUSP QUB 2 Scotland/SwedQuercus 1265 1560 QUB 3 AC AOC; QUB; T. Axelson (selection and dating) GH13 1408 208 207 GH13 1410 182 129 210 250 181 111 108 168 140 125 GH13 1420 103 190 166 133 166 137 125 179 176 182 GH13 1430 170 165 190 158 211 151 113 120 105 107 GH13 1440 157 199 200 205 167 194 151 170 166 210 GH13 1450 183 171 158 113 93 121 135 103 139 140 GH13 1460 154 135 150 152 135 175 125 149 133 144 GH13 1470 128 120 106 83 138 175 206 141 200 155 GH13 1480 132 102 153 152 161 151 173 155 123 117 GH13 1490 77 75 73 71 80 82 111 81 68 90 GH13 1500 106 124 123 127 141 192 152 184 151 148 GH13 1510 139 121 108 89 106 128 109 88 86 99 GH13 1520 72 58 73 88 93 100 128 123 124 123 GH13 1530 127 130 130 86 109 99 122 158 135 163 GH13 1540 156 148 132 127 117 119 118 83 89 81 GH13 1550 99 148 124 159 162 148 121 103 93 999 GH13 #### STIRLING GH13 #### GH13 GH13 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 1-FEB-96 DMB GH19 1390 231 276 263 343 222 221 210 328 274 286 GH19 1400 286 261 212 204 204 265 183 162 146 126 GH19 1410 173 194 198 172 137 105 96 130 95 94 GH19 1420 82 85 101 107 145 134 131 129 108 125 GH19 1430 116 131 135 136 154 125 117 80 101 78 GH19 1440 102 117 128 140 109 119 112 111 123 106 GH19 1450 151 173 128 94 61 101 108 103 112 121 GH19 1460 112 93 103 101 119 131 96 95 106 91 GH19 1470 55 51 84 63 90 107 126 103 132 118 GH19 1480 119 86 133 115 120 123 136 115 99 68 GH19 1490 59 67 62 93 87 101 138 76 68 70 GH19 1500 107 94 79 69 66 95 93 111 116 118 GH19 1510 97 116 78 75 74 77 74 73 64 61 GH19 1520 56 67 116 79 78 65 78 82 68 58 GH19 1530 59 52 50 45 52 65 57 78 78 63 GH19 1540 60 72 67 55 55 52 55 48 43 52 GH19 1550 62 78 67 70 61 59 46 52 49 69 GH19 1560 52 999 GH19 #### STIRLING GH19 #### GH19 GH19 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 1-FEB-96 DMB GH5 1386 108 149 91 92 GH5 1390 82 61 56 150 95 120 146 152 197 174 GH5 1400 163 174 142 184 128 188 156 134 178 184 GH5 1410 171 167 170 207 134 97 85 105 80 74 GH5 1420 74 136 113 79 110 85 109 130 95 90 GH5 1430 84 87 84 68 85 64 76 69 80 95 GH5 1440 110 111 135 127 110 118 108 137 213 145 GH5 1450 127 192 144 136 99 132 122 100 93 121 GH5 1460 118 124 100 125 119 131 91 95 141 121 GH5 1470 101 94 138 92 135 142 162 141 182 126 GH5 1480 109 118 114 111 106 121 121 139 113 139 GH5 1490 83 96 86 106 93 81 100 64 60 68 GH5 1500 69 107 98 81 106 106 118 110 118 88 GH5 1510 103 92 82 74 83 114 113 96 999 GH5 #### STIRLING GH5 #### GH5 GH5 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 31-JAN-96 DMB GH6 1382 146 159 287 159 135 227 149 164 GH6 1390 145 125 101 146 131 132 140 149 155 182 GH6 1400 163 188 136 99 130 156 122 94 83 38 GH6 1410 47 40 59 67 66 45 53 78 48 68 GH6 1420 43 95 72 61 66 78 63 95 98 95 GH6 1430 87 47 74 75 55 53 51 73 83 46 GH6 1440 77 60 65 67 59 73 70 85 74 60 GH6 1450 66 45 38 52 31 51 74 57 64 60 GH6 1460 67 63 73 78 62 78 55 63 75 84 GH6 1470 63 51 43 47 52 72 67 49 49 41 GH6 1480 66 61 106 83 65 70 65 96 92 90 GH6 1490 87 62 66 64 69 67 54 60 30 43 GH6 1500 45 47 56 61 60 68 59 77 64 63 GH6 1510 41 53 46 47 47 63 76 67 60 63 GH6 1520 49 51 80 66 77 63 84 103 84 75 GH6 1530 68 56 55 48 48 52 55 75 71 999 GH6 #### STIRLING GH6 #### GH6 GH6 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 31-JAN-96 DMB Q3262 1310 55 36 26 100 48 57 59 110 38 17 Q3262 1320 40 37 37 25 35 59 45 30 29 24 Q3262 1330 48 24 23 27 11 19 30 28 56 78 Q3262 1340 45 90 52 55 31 98 91 84 38 32 Q3262 1350 35 43 33 25 28 42 49 72 43 25 Q3262 1360 34 38 67 70 59 41 45 56 50 26 Q3262 1370 38 43 39 37 55 37 21 22 22 29 Q3262 1380 24 26 30 18 42 22 23 42 23 39 Q3262 1390 29 26 28 30 29 35 30 34 54 50 Q3262 1400 32 43 31 34 22 22 31 22 24 23 Q3262 1410 25 20 22 33 25 17 13 16 13 20 Q3262 1420 11 27 21 13 30 18 22 26 31 29 Q3262 1430 25 22 18 28 35 27 31 24 27 24 Q3262 1440 26 24 25 26 20 24 22 25 25 27 Q3262 1450 33 42 26 24 27 28 20 16 23 20 Q3262 1460 25 28 27 28 25 34 21 25 33 32 Q3262 1470 37 28 28 18 27 24 34 18 26 16 Q3262 1480 26 21 30 24 32 25 23 30 31 36 Q3262 1490 37 27 14 23 27 26 26 20 18 16 Q3262 1500 12 30 26 19 23 28 999 Q3262 #### MIDHOPE CASTLE Q3262 #### Q3262 Q3262 #### COMMENT - MGLB 1978 Q3263 1265 87 81 56 77 75 Q3263 1270 66 44 49 49 49 29 21 22 16 14 Q3263 1280 26 36 40 54 46 62 34 29 40 33 Q3263 1290 46 17 39 23 32 27 34 30 31 26 Q3263 1300 56 48 58 53 47 54 38 56 37 57 Q3263 1310 53 41 50 47 52 48 62 56 51 50 Q3263 1320 62 51 44 33 25 35 47 36 35 30 Q3263 1330 40 36 24 26 32 39 37 33 48 54 Q3263 1340 42 62 50 48 26 48 60 58 41 41 Q3263 1350 47 51 48 34 47 45 48 54 43 32 Q3263 1360 46 36 42 39 56 37 54 61 52 29 Q3263 1370 32 47 38 48 60 45 36 38 39 44 Q3263 1380 53 73 54 39 54 48 39 59 32 40 Q3263 1390 42 33 28 36 30 36 33 43 43 54 Q3263 1400 50 48 51 46 40 43 43 43 51 41 Q3263 1410 49 41 43 36 30 12 22 34 25 30 Q3263 1420 27 39 34 27 37 40 39 58 41 42 Q3263 1430 35 30 48 48 59 43 38 40 50 29 Q3263 1440 38 35 41 42 77 32 26 35 33 28 Q3263 1450 40 41 34 31 35 36 27 18 20 31 Q3263 1460 36 28 27 21 26 30 20 22 29 27 Q3263 1470 21 20 14 16 25 26 34 22 24 25 Q3263 1480 23 14 25 31 25 20 17 21 24 28 Q3263 1490 32 25 16 21 23 28 34 31 19 24 Q3263 1500 19 16 31 26 34 29 999 Q3263 #### MIDHOPE CASTLE Q3263 #### Q3263 Q3263 #### COMMENT - MGLB 1978
QUB 1 QUB-samples from Stirling in Scotland QUSP QUB 2 Scotland/SwedQuercus 1440 1588 QUB 3 AC AOC; QUB; T. Axelson (selection and dating) GH7 1440 317 357 261 223 209 252 189 155 246 252 GH7 1450 204 153 100 67 80 144 108 83 115 129 GH7 1460 102 116 155 88 92 107 92 72 135 129 GH7 1470 83 65 58 59 73 88 57 71 94 66 GH7 1480 75 87 129 128 143 159 95 102 107 111 GH7 1490 119 75 96 112 131 117 135 105 65 71 GH7 1500 100 130 94 112 103 152 109 117 97 101 GH7 1510 75 78 68 94 95 94 110 87 89 59 GH7 1520 62 91 138 107 95 108 109 147 75 55 GH7 1530 62 70 89 74 70 52 93 100 77 98 GH7 1540 110 70 93 69 55 74 83 70 52 47 GH7 1550 60 77 101 72 64 60 47 49 63 47 GH7 1560 44 49 58 60 69 53 53 64 50 50 GH7 1570 40 45 999 GH7 #### STIRLING (Possibly not Halland) GH7 #### GH7 GH7 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 1-FEB-96 DMB GH16 1476 77 65 70 68 GH16 1480 108 131 146 166 198 214 197 194 150 175 GH16 1490 194 145 123 134 177 158 157 182 129 109 GH16 1500 119 154 143 152 141 147 128 137 147 124 GH16 1510 147 175 192 144 146 141 154 185 174 160 GH16 1520 123 86 78 96 96 116 152 183 191 142 GH16 1530 146 118 104 137 120 149 144 140 130 191 GH16 1540 166 132 176 164 171 208 136 139 156 130 GH16 1550 135 145 102 125 90 133 119 121 121 130 GH16 1560 115 97 59 53 92 102 98 107 123 100 GH16 1570 100 78 79 101 72 65 61 60 55 61 GH16 1580 72 101 82 81 80 101 85 77 86 999 GH16 #### STIRLING (unsertain date, not Halland) GH16 #### GH16 GH16 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INPUT 1-FEB-96 DMB GH17 1441 182 281 166 215 192 195 169 195 236 GH17 1450 207 195 200 156 86 74 146 169 142 174 GH17 1460 232 149 142 116 103 115 126 115 199 177 GH17 1470 137 98 123 122 108 165 96 116 167 78 GH17 1480 82 144 248 159 208 182 118 167 88 143 GH17 1490 169 107 100 142 123 123 135 76 64 87 GH17 1500 108 136 99 82 92 139 103 119 101 96 GH17 1510 81 74 68 113 102 106 114 86 76 58 GH17 1520 71 87 120 79 75 98 134 138 74 64 GH17 1530 73 74 102 61 60 46 97 118 59 112 GH17 1540 121 94 110 76 57 107 88 55 53 47 GH17 1550 60 103 105 68 82 82 63 44 67 50 GH17 1560 46 72 103 103 102 76 86 85 68 77 GH17 1570 999 GH17 #### STIRLING (Possibly not Halland) GH17 #### GH17 GH17 #### COMMENT - AC AOC SCOTLAND INOUT 1-FEB-96 DMB