QUB metadata references

Here is the place to list text which clarify the geographical origin for sets of QUB-files.

England

• An English Tree-Ring Chronology, A.D. 404-1216 (JENNIFER HILLAM) http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-769-1/ahds/dissemination/pdf/vol25/25_031_044.pdf
• An English chronology 434 BC - AD 315 mentioned by English Heritage: Dendrochronology: Guidelines on producing and interpreting dendrochronological dates (2004) (but by almost no others).

Alchester

• "There is a key dendrochronological date from a gatepost timber at Alchester which demonstrates that this structure was probably built in AD 44 (Sauer 2001, 72) and thus provides not only the earliest secure independent dating for a military feature anywhere in Roman Britain but also a key starting point for understanding the Roman conquest of the region and the early development of the complex sequence at Alchester itself." http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/assets/content/bcc/docs/archaeology/A_ST_Oxford_5_solent_thames_roman_oxon_jan_08.pdf p.4

See also Wikipedia (English) article about Alchester_Roman_Town. Location: 51°52′42″N 1°10′10″W

Roman Londinium. (London)

• Wikipedia (English) article about No_1_Poultry AD 47 (not QUB)

N. England

Carlisle

• Wikipedia (English) article about Luguvalium (AD 72, AD 165?), 54°53′42″N 2°56′13″W
• 3 collections without overlap(?) can be created out of the QUB-material: AD 1063-1600, AD 467-770, Undated 367 years.

Swan Carr

• sub-fossil oaks from Swan Carr near Durham (northern England) (Long span, 1 Mill. BC) M G L Baillie, J R Pilcher, and G W Pearson: Dendrochronology at Belfast as a background to High-Precision Calibration, Radiocarbon, Vol 25, No. 2, 1983, P 171-1781. p.174.

Durham

• Durham (AD 903-1094 - own dating/TA) 54°46′34″N 1°34′24″W

Scotland

• M.G.L. Baillie: An Oak Chronology for South Central Scotland Tree Ring Bulletin vol. 37, 1977.

Ireland

• Navan and Dorsey are supposed to overlap in the 6th-1st centuries BC, running from 575-95BC (Baillie & Brown, 'Dendrochronology of Irish Bog Trackways', pp.395-402 in B. Raftery (ed), Trackway Excavations in the Mountdillon Bogs, Co. Longford, 1985-1991 (Irish Archaeological Wetland Unit Transactions Vol.3, 1996), fig.504).

Northern Ireland

"BELIM"

The "BELIM" masterchronology AD 1001-1970 is described (containing also data for the Master Chronology) in Michael G. L. Baillie: The Belfast Oak Chronology to AD 1001, Tree-Ring Bulletin, vol. 37, 1977 (Geocoord data approximately according to map in the article). It is also available among the East Anglia Incident chronology files. The younger part of this chronology, however, was described in Baillie: A Recently Developed Irish Tree-ring Chronology, Tree-Ring Bulletin, vol. 33, 1973. pp. 15-28.

• Toomebridge (natural) 54°45′N 6°27′W
• Blackwater (natural) 54°29′N 6°37′W
• Lough Eyes (Crannog) 54°20′N 7°30′W
• Corban Lough (Crannog) 54°14′N 7°29′W
• Mill Lough (Crannog) 54°13′N 7°23′W

Crannogs in northern Ireland

• • Island MacHugh. AD 594ą9, 53°37′N 6°47′W
  • Island MacHugh. AD 627ą9
  • Mill Lough. AD 552, 54°15′N 7°45′W
  • Mill Lough. AD 643ą9
  • Ross Lough. AD 570ą9, 54°23′N 7°42′W
  • Ross Lough. AD 614
  • Teeshan AD 82 - AD 581, a crannog, 54°53′43″N 6°18′41″W

• LODGE, "Hunting Lodge" at NE shore of Cullyhanna Logh, i.e 5 km N of Crossmaglen in county Armagh. 3475+/-75BP, 3305+/-50BP Jennifer Hillam: The Dating of Cullyhanna Hunting Lodge, Irish Archaeological Research Forum, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1976), pp. 17-20
• 1973 Pilcher reports about a floating chronology, probably early centuries of the first millennium AD. Pilcher: Tree-Ring Research in Ireland, Tree-Ring Bulletin, vol. 33, 1973. Containing a map of locations in N. Ireland and 4 mean curves for the floating chronology: Balloo Cottage 1, Teeshan, Mill Lough 3, Allistragh.
• Pilcher et al.: A Long Sub-Fossil Oak Tree-Ring Chronology from the North of Ireland, New Pytol. (1977) 79, 713-729 (Abstract) The full article contains the mean curve.
• M G L Baillie, J R Pilcher, and G W Pearson: Dendrochronology at Belfast as a background to High-Precision Calibration, Radiocarbon, Vol 25, No. 2, 1983. The structure of the BC-chronology described.

Two first centuries AD material

The Oak chronology for Ireland is, based on the QUB-material, possible to build continuously and with good quality down to about 100 AD, and before that a rather tiny tail down to 13 BC (The oldest samlpe is QUB:Q218 from Mill Lough). Another complex of Irish chronologies has its young end at 69 BC with the Annaholty Bog (Tipperary). That complex can be dated towards the English Roman time complex, which in its turn is dated towards the continental European roman time complex. The problem is that the quality of the link between the present time chronologies down to about fourth century AD and the whole European roman time complex is of disputable quality. It is based upon the work of Ernst Hollstein and Berndt Becker, but the Hollstein link is proved to be built on chronologies in which erroneously dated samples have been mixed and according to the Becker chronology (Southern Germany) there are no information available about the quality of the critical "Migration period" linkage. Therefore an indisputable link between the Irish AD-chronology and the English Roman time complex would have been very welcome and of great value, but unfortunately this link, so far, is too weak to confirm the date accepted for Roman complex.

The sites in QUB forming the old end of the present time Irish chronology are:

• Allistragh, AD 39 - 337 (>2 samples from AD 97) (natural, bog oak?)
• Ballinderry, AD 25 - 618 (>2 samples from AD 110) meta data missing, but possibly anthropogenic remains (and likely the "Ballinderry" in Antrim county)
• Balloo, AD 17 - 312 (>2 samples from AD 52) (probably bog oaks, found reused in a rather modern building)
• Teeshan, AD 82 - 581 (>2 samples from AD 144) Crannog
• Mill Lough, 13 BC - AD 611 (>2 samples from AD 37) (natural, bog oak?)

N NW Central plain

• Atlone 53°25′N 7°56′W M. G. L. Baillie: Dublin Medieval Dendrochronology, Tree-Ring Bulletin, vol. 37, 1977 Only one sample: QUB:Q1984 AD872-1138
• Crannogs in the area to the west and north-west of the central plain of Ireland. B A Crone: Crannogs and chronologies in Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 123 (1993), 245-54
  • Midges Island. AD 570ą9 [location?]
  • Lough Tamin. AD 584ą9 [location?]
  • Lough Tamin. Ao618ą9
  • Moynagh Lough. AD 625 53°49′N 6°45′W
  • Moynagh Lough. AD 748
  • Kilnock. AD 722ą9 [location?]

Central East coast

Drogheda

53°42′N 6°21′W

• Drogheda
• BathHouse

Dublin

53°21′N 6°16′W

• Clansy [Barracks] (56 files)
• Ormond Quai (4 files)
• Wood Quai (43 files)
• Christchurch Cathedral
• High Street
• Christchurch Place
• Winetavern Street
• Turvey (Castle) 53°29′41″N 6°10′55″W
• Oldbawn (House) 53°29′32″N 6°10′33″W
• Patrick Street

Southern Ireland coast

Cork

• St Partick's road http://www.corkcity.ie/services/environment/drainage/corkmaindrainage/cmd_past_discovered.PDF

Central South Ireland

• Annaholty bog (Bog bridge about 40 BC) (10 files) Abstracts for Wetland Archaeology in Ireland and Beyond

General

• Ian Tyers, Jennifer Hillam, and Cathy Groves: Trees and woodland in the Saxon period: the dendrochronological evidence (schema on overlapping between the sites building up the English and Irish chronologies)

Problems

• No Irish oaks found during 95-13 BC!: Baillie 1995 p. 56
• No English oaks AD 316-403! For the historic period there is now a continuous sequence that runs from the present back to AD 404, and another from Roman contexts covering 434 BC – AD 315. The latter is still reliant on cross-links with Ireland and Germany for its dating since no English tree-ring sequence has been found that spans the fourth century AD. English Heritage: Dendrochronology: Guidelines on producing and interpreting dendrochronological dates (2004)